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Our World Is Already a Mere Imitation of Heavenly Ideas Art Is an Imitation of Imitation

(50–R): Artists Amy Sherald, Yayoi Kusama and Georgia O'Keefe. Photograph Courtesy: Amy Davis/Baltimore Sun/Tribune News Service/Getty Images; Toshifumi Kitamura/AFP/Getty Images; Tony Vaccaro/Getty Images

If you've ever taken an fine art history class or spent time in a fine arts museum, chances are you know a lot about the men who "divers" their mediums. As with other subjects, virtually of what we learn near art history today notwithstanding centers on white men from Europe and, later, the United States. In reality, there are and so many more artists of all genders to larn from and capeesh.

Here, we're specifically taking a look at merely some of the women who have had lasting impacts on their art forms. From some of the fine art world's virtually iconic pioneers to its well-nigh unsung heroes, these women artists all had a paw — and, in some cases, still have a hand — in changing the earth of fine art and how we ascertain it.

Laura Wheeler Waring

Laura Wheeler Waring's portraits Anna Washington Derry and Alice Dunbar Nelson. Photos Courtesy: National Portrait Gallery/Wikimedia Commons

Laura Wheeler Waring was an artist and educator who taught at Cheyney University in Pennsylvania for more thirty years. After studying the work of painters similar Cézanne and Monet while abroad, she returned to the United States, becoming all-time known for her portraits of prominent Black Americans, many of which were painted during the Harlem Renaissance.

Cindy Sherman

Two photographs from Cindy Sherman's Untitled Motion-picture show Stills (1977–80). series. Photos Courtesy: Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)

Photographer Cindy Sherman was part of the Pictures Generation during the 1980s, and is perchance almost well known for her series of Untitled Film Stills (1977–80) — self-portraits in which Sherman "posed in the guises of various generic female film characters, among them, ingénue, working girl, vamp, and lone housewife" (via MoMA). In this series, and those that followed, Sherman used photography to question the media's influence over our individual and collective identities.

Yoko Ono

A still from the performance Cut Piece, 1964, and a motion picture of the installation Half-A-Room, 1967, every bit seen at the Museum of Modern Fine art in New York Metropolis in 2015. Photos Courtesy: Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)

You lot might first think of Yoko Ono every bit a musician and activist, merely she's also an achieved performance and conceptual artist. Ono was considered a pioneer in the functioning art movement, earning the nickname the "High Priestess of the Happening".

I of her most revered works, Cut Slice, was a performance she first staged in Japan; Ono saturday on stage in a squeamish suit and placed pair of scissors in front of her, and, in an act of daring vulnerability, invited audition members to come on stage and cut away pieces of her article of clothing. "Art is like animate for me," Ono has said. "If I don't do it, I start to choke."

Betye Saar

Betye Saar's Black Girl's Window, 1969 (total and detail). Photos Courtesy: Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)

Before becoming a printmaker and activist, Betye Saar studied design and was employed as a social worker. A printmaking constituent changed her unabridged career trajectory — and, in plough, part of the trajectory of art history.

Saar was part of the Black Arts Movement in the 1970s and, through painting and assemblage, critiqued institutionalized racism and the racist stereotypes white people held toward Black Americans. "To me the trick is to seduce the viewer," Saar has said. "If you can get the viewer to expect at a work of fine art, so you lot might be able to requite them some sort of message."

Frida Kahlo

People expect at Frida Kahlo'southward 1939 painting Las Dos Fridas at the World Forum of Culture in 2007, which was held in Mexico. Photo Courtesy: Alejandro Acosta/AFP/Getty Images

It'southward rare to notice someone who hasn't at least heard of Frida Kahlo. A self-taught painter from Mexico, she is best known for exploring themes like death and identity through her cocky-portraits. Kahlo often used bold, vivid colors to create her symbol-rich works, and was regarded as 1 of the about influential artists of the Surrealist motility.

Yayoi Kusama

A viewer photographs inside the Aftermath of Obliteration of Eternity room during a preview of the Yayoi Kusama's Infinity Mirrors exhibit at the Hirshhorn Museum February 21, 2017 in Washington, D.C. Photo Courtesy: Brendan Smialowski/AFP/Getty Images

Yayoi Kusama started painting at a very young age, but she'due south too known for her hyper-real sculptures, polka dots, installations, and then much more. Like many of her peers, Kusama embraced the counterculture of the 1960s, employing nudity in much of her work. Today, she continues to create works for her enduring Mirror/Infinity rooms series, which employ mirrors and lit objects to create a sense of endlessness.

Amy Sherald

Quondam First Lady Michelle Obama (L) and artist Amy Sherald (R) unveil Mrs. Obama's portrait at the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery in Washington, D.C. on Feb 12, 2018. Photo by Saul Loeb/AFP/Getty Images

Amy Sherald is an American painter and portraitist who depicts Blackness Americans, ofttimes doing everyday activities — something that became more common in portraiture writ big in the mid-19th century. Odds are that you recognize Sherald's work — and her signature grayscale skin tones — as she was the get-go Black adult female to complete a presidential portrait for the Smithsonian'due south National Portrait Gallery.

Georgia O'Keeffe

In 1960, Georgia O'Keeffe poses outdoors abreast a piece of work from her series, Pelvis Serial Red With Yellow in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Photo Courtesy: Tony Vaccaro/Getty Images

Known as the mother of American modernism, y'all likely acquaintance Georgia O'Keeffe with her paintings of New Mexico's landscapes, flowers, skulls, and, but perhaps, the skyscrapers of New York City. In the 1920s, she was the start woman painter to gain the respect of the New York art globe, all by painting in her unique way.

Adrian Piper

Adrian Piper wins the Gold Panthera leo for best artist in Okwui Enwezor'southward biennial exhibition All the World's Futures, part of the 56th Venice Biennale in 2015. Photo Courtesy: Awakening/Getty Images

Adrian Piper became a pioneering minimalist, feminist, and conceptual artist in 1970s New York Metropolis. She used her piece of work to question society, identity, and racial politics by enervating the audience to confront truths about themselves. She often challenged people on the streets of New York to guess her race, socio-economical grade, and gender — all while dressed equally a Black homo with a fake mustache and sunglasses, or while wearing compelling statements on her clothes.

Shirin Neshat

Shirin Neshat's poses in front of a photograph in her exhibition Our House Is on Fire at the Robert Rauschenberg Foundation in New York City in 2014. Photo Courtesy: Cem Ozdel/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images

Shirin Neshat left Iran in 1974 to study art in Los Angeles, California — before the Iran Islamic Revolution took place. She is best known for her photography, film, and video piece of work, much of which explores the relationship between Islam's cultural and religious systems and women. Moreover, Neshat'southward works ofttimes create a sense of solidarity and empowerment.

Jenny Holzer

Jenny Holzer standing in forepart of her installation at the Guggenheim Museum. Photo Courtesy: Marianne Barcellona/Getty Images

As a neo-conceptual artist, Jenny Holzer'due south work focuses on words and ideas, which she puts on advertising billboards, projects onto buildings and adds to electronic displays or neon signs.

These works brandish phrases that human action as meditations on various concepts, such as trauma, knowledge, and hope. One of her more than notable works, I Smell You On My Skin, makes the viewer question what kind of sentiment the judgement conveys.

Rebecca Belmore

Rebecca Belmore's Fringe, 2008. Photo Courtesy: Art Gallery of Ontario (Ago)

Much of Rebecca Belmore's fine art addresses identity and history — and, in particular, houselessness and the voicelessness of the First Nations People in Canada. Equally an Anishinaabekwe creative person, she works to raise awareness around the prejudice, violence, and attempted erasure of Indigenous Due north American civilisation. In 2005, she was the first Indigenous woman to correspond Canada at the Venice Biennale.

Louise Bourgeois

A person looks at Louise Bourgeois' Spider. Photograph Courtesy: Timothy A. Clary/AFP/Getty Images

While a prolific printmaker and painter, Louise Conservative is better known for her installation art and sculptures — like the spider higher up — which were inspired by her own experiences and memories. Throughout her career, she created revolutionary works during a time when abstraction and conceptual fine art were the master styles shaping the art world.

Mickalene Thomas

Mickalene Thomas' A Fiddling Gustatory modality Outside of Love, 2007. Photo Courtesy: Brooklyn Museum

Heavily influenced by pop civilisation and pop art, Mickalene Thomas often embellishes her paintings with rhinestones and uses colorful acrylic paints. In her work, Thomas centers Black American women, whom she believes embody power and femininity.

Judy Chicago

Judy Chicago'due south seminal work The Dinner Political party. Photo Courtesy: Brooklyn Museum

Judy Chicago was one of the major figures within the early Feminist Art movement. As exemplified in her iconic work The Dinner Political party, her installation pieces oft examine the role of women in history and civilization — in the 1970s and before. While at California State Academy in Fresno, Chicago founded the first feminist art program in the United States.

Augusta Savage

Augusta Savage with ane of her sculptures in the mid-1930s. Photograph Courtesy: Andrew Herman/Athenaeum of American Art/Wikimedia Commons

Augusta Fell was an American sculptor during the Harlem Renaissance who worked toward securing equal rights for Black Americans in the arts. In add-on to creating breathtaking sculptures, often of Black folks, Brutal founded the Brutal Studio of Craft in Harlem in 1932, and, a few years later, she became the first Black American elected to the National Association of Women Painters and Sculptors in 1934.

Carolee Schneemann

Photo Courtesy: Museum of Modern Art (MoMA)

Known for her provocative performance art practices, Carolee Schneemann is considered the progenitor of "body fine art". (Just look up her near famous work, Interior Scroll, and you'll see what we hateful.) She used her body to examine women'due south sensuality and liberation from the oppressive aesthetic and social conventions established by our patriarchal social club.

Nan Goldin

Nan Goldin'southward Christmas on the Other Side, Boston, 1972. Photo Courtesy: Wikimedia Commons

Famous for her in-the-moment photography, Nan Goldin'southward piece of work challenges traditional power relations. In addition to documenting New York City'southward queer subculture post-Stonewall, Goldin explored the HIV/AIDS crunch, opioid epidemic, and LGBTQ+ bodies.

Elaine Sturtevant

Warhol'south Marilyn Monroe (1967) past Elaine Sturtevant. Photo Courtesy: Ben Stanstall/AFP/Getty Images

Does this look like an Andy Warhol to y'all? Well, that's the idea! Elaine Sturtevant, who went past her last proper name professionally, was a conceptual artist known for her inexact replicas — that is, not-quite-right copies of large-name artists' piece of work.

Some artists and critics encouraged her efforts, while others became quite angry. Yet, Sturtevant used her works to explore the concepts of authorship, originality, and the construction of art civilization.

Ruth Asawa

Various hanging sculptures past Ruth Asawa at the De Immature Museum in San Francisco. Photo Courtesy: View Pictures/Universal Images Group/Getty Images

During the 1960s, Ruth Asawa created increasingly complex wire sculptures. A San Francisco-based artist, Asawa'south last public commission was the Garden of Remembrance at San Francisco Country University, which was created to recognize Japanese Americans who were interned during World War II.

Catherine Opie

Catherine Opie attends the 2007 Guggenheim International Gala on November viii, 2007 in New York Urban center. Photograph Courtesy: Shawn Ehlers/WireImage/Getty Images

Known for her studio, portrait, and mural photography, Catherine Opie has been a lensman since the historic period of nine. She uses her photography to examine social norms, and, in doing so, displays various subcultures in formal portraits — merely in a way that conveys power and respect by evoking traditional Renaissance portraiture.

micha cárdenas

Still from Sin Sol (No Sun) VR game. Photograph Courtesy: micha cárdenas/YouTube

micha cárdenas is an creative person, writer, theorist, and banana professor who won an Impact Award at the Indiecade Festival in 2020 and the Creative Honor from the Gender Justice League in 2016. She believes education is the path to liberation and uses VR and fine art to address global issues such equally racism, gendered violence, and climatic change.

Lee Krasner

Lee Krasner: Living Color exhibition at Barbican Art Gallery on May 29, 2019 in London, England. Photo Courtesy: Tristan Fewings/Getty Images for Barbican Art Gallery

Lee Krasner was an Abstract Expressionist painter who also specialized in collaging. Her works capture a spirit of relentless reinvention, from her Cubist drawings and assemblage to her portraits and murals for the Works Progress Administration (WPA).

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